Solar Radiation Data Handbook For The New Paradigm' title='Solar Radiation Data Handbook For The New Paradigm' />Is the Sun driving ozone and changing the climate Jo. Nova. In 2. 01. The central mystery in climate science is the Sun. The direct energy from the 1. The radiation pours down on us but the relentless sameness of the watts cant be causing of the swings in temperature on Earth. Something else is going on with the Sun. For one thing, the total light energy coming off the Sun stays almost the same but the type of light changes the spectrum shifts   with more shorter wavelengths at one point in the cycle and longer wavelengths at the opposite part of the cycle. These have different effects. Shorter wavelengths UV generate ozone in the stratosphere and penetrate the ocean. Longer wavelengths dont. But the Sun is also sending out charged particles and driving a massive fluctuating magnetic field, both of which affect Earths atmosphere. But the tiny changes in total sunlight TSI may still be leaving us clues about other things going on with the Sun. David Evans notch delay theory is that TSI is a leading indicator, and after solar TSI peaks, the temperatures on Earth follows with a peak roughly 1. Download Gta San Andreas Demo Software. But whats the mechanism Stephen Wilde has a theory. Plug in your brain, and follow this chain of potential influence The Sun UV or charged particles ozone   polar jet streams clouds surface temperatures. Stephen Wilde  put forward the first version of this hypothesis in 2. It is long past time to get into those details. Bird species richness in the Western Hemisphere Hawkins et al. Bird species diversity in New York state. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications IJERA is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research. Summary of the Stephen Wilde Hypothesis. In essence The Sun affects the ozone layer through changes in UV or charged particles. When the Sun is more active there is more ozone above the equator and less over the poles, and vice versa. An increase in ozone warms the stratosphere or mesosphere, which pushes the tropopause lower. There is thus a solar induced see saw effect on the height of the tropopause, which causes the climate zones to shift towards then away from the equator, moving the jet streams and changing them from zonal jet streams to meridonal ones. When meridonal, the jet streams wander in loops further north and south, resulting in longer lines of air mass mixing at climate zone boundaries, which creates more clouds. Clouds reflect sunlight back out to space, determining how much the climate system is heated by the near constant incoming solar radiation. Thus the Suns UV and charged particles modulate the solar heating of the Earth. Figure 1 When the Sun is less active there is more ozone at the poles but less over the equator. Less ozone above the tropopause causes less stratospheric warming, allowing the tropopause up, which pushes the climate zones towards the equator. This causes the jet streams to be more meridonal, so more clouds are formed. Clouds reflect sunlight, so less solar radiation warms the Earth. An active Sun increases ozone in the stratosphere Changes in solar ultraviolet spectral irradiance directly modify the production rate of ozone in the upper stratosphere e. Brasseur, 1. 99. 3, and hence it is reasonable to expect a solar cycle variation in ozone amount. The global satellite ozone records since 1. Hood and Mc. Cormack, 1. Chandra and Mc. Peters, 1. Hood, 1. 99. 7. Figure 2 When the Sun is more active there is less ozone at the poles but more over the equator. Solar sails also called light sails or photon sails are a form of spacecraft propulsion using radiation pressure exerted by sunlight on large mirrors. ScienceDirect is the worlds leading source for scientific, technical, and medical research. Explore journals, books and articles. New paper by Richard Tol Private benefit of carbon. A Bayesian. Type or paste a DOI name into the text box. Click Go. Your browser will take you to a Web page URL associated with that DOI name. Send questions or comments to doi. Another download handbook of international insurance between global dynamics and local of the bad FSA of settings, control control is a new, previously listening. Weve redesigned Mass. Commonwealth. We have one goal to make it easy for you to find what you need. This fall, well continue to. Solar Radiation Data Handbook For The New Paradigm' title='Solar Radiation Data Handbook For The New Paradigm' />More ozone above the tropopause causes more stratospheric warming, forcing the tropopause down, which pushes the climate zones away from the equator. This causes the jet streams to be more zonal, so fewer clouds are formed. Clouds reflect sunlight, so more solar radiation warms the Earth. New research reports a missing driver energetic electrons. In October 2. 01. Andersson et al suggests another layer of action, again on ozone. Described as the missing driver in the Sun Earth connection, energetic electron precipitation EEP dramatically affects ozone   but above the poles, not the equator. The EEP in the mesosphere is directed preferentially towards the poles along the magnetic field lines because the electrons are charged particles, which explains why the effect is strongest at the poles. When the Sun is active the energetic electron rain decreases ozone preferentially above the poles and in the mesosphere. At the poles, the rules get strained through a singularity. At the north and south poles the magnetic field lines converge, the Earth drags the atmosphere around a single point, the tropopause is lower, and temperature inversions are common. Polar vortices occur when an area of low pressure sits at the rotation pole of a planet. This causes air to spiral down from higher in the atmosphere, like water going down a drain. Polar vortices should not be confused with the circumpolar jet around the poles, which is often given the same name in the media. All this remarkable action means that above the poles even the high mesosphere affects the height of the tropopause. In the polar vortices the descending flow draws air down from the mesosphere, right through the stratosphere to the tropopause. The presence of a layer of ozone in the stratosphere is the cause of the temperature inversion that forms at the tropopause. That layer of ozone is warmed directly by incoming solar radiation. It is warmer than the rising air coming up from the surface below, so it effectively puts a lid on convection. Ozone variations affect the temperature of the stratosphere, which in turn affects the height of the tropopause. From page 1. 4 of Zangl and Hoinka Suppose, for example, that the surface temperature and the tropospheric temperature gradient are given and that the temperature of the stratosphere varies. Then, a cold stratosphere will be associated with a high tropopause low tropopause pressure, and a warm stratosphere will correspond to a low tropopause high tropopause pressure. If the tropopause rises or falls, it causes a change in the gradient of tropopause height between equator and poles. This in turn causes the jet streams to shift north or south, because it pushes around the climate zones beneath the tropopause. A lower tropopause restricts the available space for free movement of air horizontally beneath it. So a lowering of the tropopause above the poles when the Sun is less active as implied in the Andersson et al paper squeezes the air in the tropospheric climate zones towards the equator. We have seen that happen in the form of increased jet stream meridionality since about 2. That is the reason for the observation of more frequent and intense incursions of polar air across middle latitudes in recent years. The world is divided up into permanent climate zones, which align along the lines of latitude due to the Earths rotation. These zones can move poleward or equatorward, in response to changes in the Earths energy budget. Poleward shifting was observed during the late 2. Little Ice Age. Figure 3 A Jetstream can be more zonal left or meridonal right. Source. The jet streams are high level rivers of fast moving air threading between the climate zones, and are driven by temperature, humidity and density differentials between the different types of air mass An equatorward shift of the climate zones gives the jets more room to loop north and south, and that gives more meridonal jets the north south components of the jets. A poleward shift of the zones pushes the jets poleward, forcing them to more closely following the lines of latitude, that is, more zonal jets the east west components.